Because complete documentation is always helpful, here are all the PostgreSQL general purpose types as they are listed in the 8.1 documentation, and each corresponding string returned by pg_field_type().
bigint => int8
bigserial => int8
bit => bit
bit varying => varbit
boolean => bool
box => box
bytea => bytea
character varying => varchar
character => bpchar
cidr => cidr
circle => circle
date => date
double precision => float8
inet => inet
integer => int4
interval => interval
line => line
lseg => lseg
macaddr => macaddr
money => money
numeric => numeric
path => path
point => point
polygon => polygon
real => float4
smallint => int2
serial => int4
text => text
time => time
time with time zone => timetz
timestamp => timestamp
timestamp with time zone => timestamptz
And for the record... (note the 7.4 client lib)
# postmaster --version
postmaster (PostgreSQL) 8.0.4
# ldd libphp4.so
...
libpq.so.3 => /usr/lib/libpq.so.3 (0xb7ac8000)
...