switch

switch 语句和具有同样表达式的一系列的 IF 语句相似。很多场合下需要把同一个变量(或表达式)与很多不同的值比较,并根据它等于哪个值来执行不同的代码。这正是 switch 语句的用途。

注: 注意和其它语言不同,continue 语句作用到 switch 上的作用类似于 break。如果在循环中有一个 switch 并希望 continue 到外层循环中的下一个轮回,用 continue 2

下面两个例子使用两种不同方法实现同样的事,一个用一系列的 if 语句,另一个用 switch 语句:

例子 16-1. switch 结构

<?php
if ($i == 0) {
    echo
"i equals 0";
} elseif (
$i == 1) {
    echo
"i equals 1";
} elseif (
$i == 2) {
    echo
"i equals 2";
}

switch (
$i) {
    case
0:
        echo
"i equals 0";
        break;
    case
1:
        echo
"i equals 1";
        break;
    case
2:
        echo
"i equals 2";
        break;
}
?>

例子 16-2. switch 结构可以用字符串

<?php
switch ($i) {
case
"apple":
    echo
"i is apple";
    break;
case
"bar":
    echo
"i is bar";
    break;
case
"cake":
    echo
"i is cake";
    break;
}
?>

为避免错误,理解 switch 是怎样执行的非常重要。switch 语句一行接一行地执行(实际上是语句接语句)。开始时没有代码被执行。仅当一个 case 语句中的值和 switch 表达式的值匹配时 PHP 才开始执行语句,直到 switch 的程序段结束或者遇到第一个 break 语句为止。如果不在 case 的语句段最后写上 break 的话,PHP 将继续执行下一个 case 中的语句段。例如:

<?php
switch ($i) {
    case
0:
        echo
"i equals 0";
    case
1:
        echo
"i equals 1";
    case
2:
        echo
"i equals 2";
}
?>

这里如果 $i 等于 0,PHP 将执行所有的 print 语句!如果 $i 等于 1,PHP 将执行后面两条 print 语句。只有当 $i 等于 2 时,才会得到“预期”的结果――只显示“i equals 2”。所以,别忘了 break 语句就很重要(即使在某些情况下故意想避免提供它们时)。

switch 语句中条件只求值一次并用来和每个 case 语句比较。在 elseif 语句中条件会再次求值。如果条件比一个简单的比较要复杂得多或者在一个很多次的循环中,那么用 switch 语句可能会快一些。

在一个 case 中的语句也可以为空,这样只不过将控制转移到了下一个 case 中的语句。

<?php
switch ($i) {
    case
0:
    case
1:
    case
2:
        echo
"i is less than 3 but not negative";
        break;
    case
3:
        echo
"i is 3";
}
?>

一个 case 的特例是 default。它匹配了任何和其它 case 都不匹配的情况,并且应该是最后一条 case 语句。例如:

<?php
switch ($i) {
    case
0:
        echo
"i equals 0";
        break;
    case
1:
        echo
"i equals 1";
        break;
    case
2:
        echo
"i equals 2";
        break;
    default:
        echo
"i is not equal to 0, 1 or 2";
}
?>

case 表达式可以是任何求值为简单类型的表达式,即整型或浮点数以及字符串。不能用数组或对象,除非它们被解除引用成为简单类型。

switch 支持替代语法的流程控制。更多信息见流程控制的替代语法一节。

<?php
switch ($i):
    case
0:
        echo
"i equals 0";
        break;
    case
1:
        echo
"i equals 1";
        break;
    case
2:
        echo
"i equals 2";
        break;
    default:
        echo
"i is not equal to 0, 1 or 2";
endswitch;
?>


add a note add a note User Contributed Notes
laurent dot jouannic at cbsa dot fr
03-Nov-2006 06:15
Bonjour,

Je voudrais savoir pourquoi le PHP n'intgre pas (comme la plupart des langages) la possibili d'interroger plusieur value chaque case, EX:
<?php
switch ($i) {
case
0,1,2:
   echo
"i est plus petit que 3 mais n'est pas ngatif";
   break;
case
3 :
   echo
"i gale 3";
}
?>
la place de:
<?php
switch ($i) {
case
0:
case
1:
case
2:
   echo
"i est plus petit que 3 mais n'est pas ngatif";
   break;
case
3 :
   echo
"i gale 3";
}
?>

Merci.

Laurent.
28-Oct-2006 06:29
I could have used a swich for this, but I found that using the array was much faster.

   $action = $_GET['action'];

   $pages = array
   (
     'edit'  => './edit.php',
     'search' => './search.php'
   );

   if(strlen($pages[$action]) > 0)
   {
     require $pages[$action];
   }
   else
   {
     require './default.php';
   }
sneskid at hotmail dot com
23-Oct-2006 07:38
In regard to what dohpaz at kennethpaul dot com wrote.

If you ever have time you may want to test out having a premade associative array with the required elements eaqualing the needed value. Then assign the value based on the array element.

in dohpaz's month example it would look like this:
<?php
$arr_month
= array(
'January' => 1,
'February' => 2,
'March' => 3,
'April' => 4,
'May' => 5,
'June' => 6,
'July' => 7,
'August' => 8,
'September' => 9,
'October' => 10,
'November' => 11,
'December' => 12);
foreach(
$arr_month as $k => $v) {$arr_month[substr($k,0,3)] = $v;} // autogen a 3 letter version

//note that the overall size will be 23 because May will only exist once

$month = 'Jan';
$month = $arr_months[$month];
echo
$month; // outputs: 1
?>

It beats a switch in this case.

I did some benchmarking.
The array system is faster than the switch system.

Here were my average time results of 1000 itterations of assigning the numeric value to the month.
The value was randomized between each itteration (this was not added to the benchmark value), so each method was simulated with various data to stress different points.

array:
'avg' => 1.09958648682E-6
switch:
'avg' => 4.32157516479E-6
switch (true):
'avg' => 6.90913200378E-6

Contrary to what dohpaz suggested I found that a normal switch was faster than a switch(true) version.

I repeated these test several times to take into acount server load variations. The ratios were always consistent.

The array way is notably faster.
mdirks at gulfstreamcoach dot com
13-Sep-2006 10:09
In response to scott at firefallpro dot com:

"Also note that even though a conditional statement needs to be explicitly set in each case to gain expected behavior, the switch can still execute faster then an "if/elseif/else" block because PHP will not continue to evaluate conditions once a case has been satisfied."

This is not accurate as far as the documentation would say. PHP does not (or at the very least should not) continue to evaluate other "if/elseif/else" statements () on the same level once a true statement is found. It will (should) "short-circuit" to after the else block in the same depth-level, once it has finished executing all the code in it's block naturally.

Where the switch statement wins out over an "if/elseif/else" block is it's ability to "fall though" to instructions in following cases until a break is encountered. Coding something similiar using "if/elseif/else" statements could get really messy and buggy really fast depending on the switch statement.
scott at firefallpro dot com
22-Dec-2005 04:01
It's has already been mentioned indirectly in a few posts, but it is important to realize that switch statements evaluate each case with the "==" operator by default. This can lead to unexpected results when comparing strings to integers, because PHP will convert the string to an integer. In many cases this means a string can be equivalent to the integer 0.

Example:
<?php
$x
= 0;

switch(
$x) {
case
"a":
   echo
"a";
   break;
case
"b":
   echo
"b";
   break;
default
   echo
"default";
}
?>

The result will be an "a" echoed out. What PHP does in this instance, is once it realizes that it's attempting to compare string ("a") to an integer (0), it converts "a" into an integer which ends up satisfying the first case.

The rules for string conversion into integers is available at:
http://us3.php.net/manual/en/language.types.string.php

The easiest way to combat this issue is to force type comparison by using the "===" operator. This makes PHP forego the string to integer conversion.

Example:
<?php
switch(true) {
case
$x === "a":
   echo
"a";
   break;
case
$x === "b":
   echo
"b";
   break;
default
   echo
"default";
}
?>

Or the switch input can be type-casted to always be a string, etc.

Also note that even though a conditional statement needs to be explicitly set in each case to gain expected behavior, the switch can still execute faster then an "ifelse" block because PHP will not continue to evaluate conditions once a case has been satisfied.
jonybd at yahoo dot com
28-Jun-2005 08:25
/*
   Have one value need to deal with currency
   - follow as example
*/
while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($v_Result,MYSQL_NUM)) {
   $v_BAL = $row[1]/10000;
  
   switch (TRUE){

       case ($v_BAL <= 0):            //less then 0 , -0
           echo $v_BAL;
       break;
                  
       case ($v_BAL <= 10 AND $v_BAL >= 1):    //less then 10 and greater then 1
           echo $v_BAL;
       break;
                                      
       default:                //default
           echo $v_BAL;
       break;
   }
}
dohpaz at kennethpaul dot com
05-Jun-2005 06:24
[Editor's note: Changed the second switch to make it work as intended.]

I haven't seen anything specifically pointing this out, but you can get a small performance increase in your code by re-structuring your complex switch statements.

For example, I was using the following switch to convert textual month names into their numerical counterparts from the Date header of email on my pop server:

switch ($month_name) {
  case "Jan":
  case "January":
   $month = "1";
   break;
  ...
}

Even just looping through 15 emails on the server, it would take upwards of around 9-10 seconds! So, I decided to shorten my switch statement to something like this:

switch (TRUE) {
  case ($month_name == "Jan" || $month_name == "January"): $month = "1"; break;
  ...
}

Doing this I actually shaved 3 seconds from my script's execution time!!! I thuoght this was well worth noting for other coders out there who are looking to optimize their PHP code.
ant at loadtrax dot com
25-Mar-2005 01:01
This caught me out. The number '6' when compared with the string '6b' returns true. The solution is to either typecast the compare  -  ie, " switch ((string)$type): "  or to make sure $type is a string (eg $type="6")

<?
$type
=6;
switch (
$type):
   case
"6b":
       print
"6b: ";
       print
$type;
   break;
   case
"6":
       print
"6: ";
       print
$type;
   break;
endswitch;
?>
Bruno Feu
23-Mar-2005 05:22
You can solve the problem by just writing the following piece of code:

<?php
$x
= 18;
$y = 6;

switch (
$x) {
   case (
$y * 4):
   case (
9 * 3):
       echo
"Member";
       break;
   default:
       echo
"Not a member";
}
?>
ach aat bitfabrik doot de
14-Mar-2005 07:21
So instead of writing the code shown below it would have to be like this:

<?php
$x
= 18;
$y = 6;

switch (
$x) {
   case (((
$y * 4) || (9 * 3))?$x:false):
       echo
"Member";
       break;
   default:
       echo
"Not a member";
}
?>

So now the case expression contains an if statement in simplified notation which either returns the value of $x if the expression is true (so the case matches) or false, if the expression was false (so the case does not match).
Be aware that it only works if $x never actually is "false" because then it would match in either case. So the "false" in the above code should always be any random value which is not a possible value for $x.
gregory dot mccoy at pleasedontspam dot cafeoui dot net
14-Mar-2005 01:07
In the post:
----------------------------------------------------
design at hyperoptix dot com
18-Feb-2004 12:46
Boolean logic does not work inside case statements:

<?php
$x
= 18;
$y = 6;

switch (
$x) {
   case ((
$y * 4) || (9 * 3)):
       echo
"Member";
       break;
   default:
       echo
"Not a member";
}
?>

echoes "Member".
----------------------------------------------------
there were many responses but all seem to miss the point.  You cannot mix apples and oranges.  The "switch($x)" establishes that this "switch" statement will be a Relational syntax while the "case" qualifier uses a Logical syntax.  There must be a match.  Either change "switch($x)" to "switch(true)" or change "case(($y * 4) || (9 * 3)):" to resolve to a value.

The syntax of the original post is like a cop that says, "I want all of your answers to reflect truth.  So, are you eighteen?"  The respondent says, " 4 x 4 or 11 + 5".  Need I say more?
rdoggett at oz dot net
19-Jan-2005 09:01
Here's an often overlooked way of doing (nearly) the same thing:
<?php
echo ($i == 0) ?  "i is zero" :
     ((
$i == 1) ?  "i equals 1" :
     ((
$i == 2) ?  "i equals 2" : ""));
?>
This may be an idiomatic surprise at first.  But the clean and concise code speaks for itself.

Beware; PHP seems to parse the ternary operator with a different precedence than other languages such as C or perl or javascript.  This means PHP requires nested parenthesis around each nested group to avoid unexpected results.  Even so, this construct is still very understandable and maintainable, compared to the equivalent switch or if statements.
Derek Ethier
23-Dec-2004 03:43
A word of caution around the order used for the case/default controls.  I notice that a lot of people do not break; the default section and the following could lead to incorrect results when run.

$a = "lowercase";

switch ( $a ) {
  default:
   $a = strtoupper( $a );
   print $a . "<br />";

  case ( 'LOWERCASE' ):
   print $a . "<br />";
   break;
}

Result:
LOWERCASE
LOWERCASE

Placing a break; in the default control will result in:
LOWERCASE

.. as expected.  Also, placing the default section at the bottom (as in an else control) will also display the correct result.
Bachsau
20-Dec-2004 08:52
Be carefull: If you want to test the return of a function, you have to use switch, because if you use 'if' and 'ifelse', your function will be executed every time again.

For example if use use the following construct:

if(file_get_contents('file.htm', 0) == 'typ1') {
     // Do one thing
}
ifelse(file_get_contents('file.htm', 0) == 'typ2') {
     // Do the second thing
}
ifelse(file_get_contents('file.htm', 0) == 'typ3') {
     // Do the third thing
}

The file will be requested 3 times!!!

If you use the following:

switch (file_get_contents('file.htm', 0)) {
     case 'typ1': // Do one thing
     break;
     case 'typ2': // Do the second thing
     break;
     case 'typ3': // Do the third thing
}

The file will be requested only once!!!
pentek_imre at mailbox dot hu
23-Oct-2004 07:25
Using select is like using == (instead of ===) in an if statement. Let's see an example:
<?php
function Describe($Q)
{
 
var_dump($Q);
  echo
": ";
  switch (
$Q)
   {
   case
"0":
     echo
"String zero";
     break;
   case
0:
     echo
"Integer zero";
     break;
   case
NULL:
     echo
"NULL NULL";
     break;
   case
FALSE:
     echo
"Boolean FALSE";
     break;
   case
"":
     echo
"Empty string";
     break;
   default:
     echo
"Any other value";
     break;
   }
  echo
"<BR>\n";
}
Describe("0");
Describe(0);
Describe(NULL);
Describe(FALSE);
Describe("");
Describe(1);
?>
Output (PHP 5.0.1) is:
string(1) "0" : String zero
int(0) : String zero
NULL : Integer zero
bool(false) : String zero
string(0) "" : Integer zero
int(1) : Any other value
tom AT csbanana DOT com
12-Oct-2004 01:18
If you're using switch() inside a function and you're returning a $var inside each case, you won't need to include break() as return() will end the execution of the switch and function.
manicdepressive at mindless dot com
22-Apr-2004 07:43
Be careful if distinguishing between NULL and (int)0.  As implied in the above documentation, the case statements are equivalent to the '==' operator, not the '===' operator, so the following code did not work as i expected:

<?php
$mixed
= 0;
switch(
$mixed){
   case
NULL: echo "NULL";  break;
   case
0: echo "zero";  break;
   default: echo
"other"; break;
}
?>

Instead, I may use a chain of else-ifs.  (On this page, kriek at jonkreik dot com states that "in most cases [a switch statement] is 15% faster [than an else-if chain]" but jemore at m6net dotdot fr claims that when using ===, if/elseif/elseif can be 2 times faster than a switch().)

Alternatively, if i prefer the appearance of the switch() statement I may use a trick like the one nospam at please dot com presents:

<?php
$mixed
= 0;
switch(
TRUE){
   case (
NULL===$mixed): //blah break;
  
case (===$mixed): //etc. break;
}
?>

code till dawn! mark meves!
ezekiel at superquenelles dot com
25-Mar-2004 09:40
In reply to Alex Fung :
The following code doesn't work :

<?php
$x
= 18;
$y = 6;

switch (
$x) {
   case ((
$y * 4) || (9 * 3)):
       echo
"Member";
       break;
   default:
       echo
"Not a member";
}
?>

Why :
<design at hyperoptix dot com> want to test if $x == $y*4 or $x == 9*3 ($x == (($y*4)||(9*3))
However the case statement evaluate the value of (($y*4)||(9*3)) that is always true because 9*3=27 (!=0)
That's why this code always return true when $x != 0.
The correct code would be :

<?php
$x
= 18;
$y = 6;

switch (
$x) {
   case ((
$y * 4)):
   case ((
9*3)):
       echo
"Member";
       break;
   default:
       echo
"Not a member";
}
?>

Boolean logic work inside case statement, you just need to know that the expression in the case statement is first evaluated then compared with the evaluated value in the switch statement.
php dot net dot 1 at yogelements dot com
20-Jan-2004 02:39
Declaring a variable (actually an array) as static w/in a switch{} spun my wool for a while:
don't:
<?
function ss() {
   switch (
"bug") {
       case
"bug" :
           static
$test = "xyz";
           break;
       default :
           static
$test = "abc";
   }
 echo
$test;
}
ss(); //abc
?>
do:
<?
function tt() {
   static
$test;
   switch (
"fix") {
       case
"fix" :
          
$test = "xyz";
           break;
       default :
          
$test = "abc";
   }
 echo
$test;
}
tt(); // xyz
?>
gmgiles at pacbell dot net
19-Jan-2004 05:07
Did you know that switch() and case() can also accomodate things like basic math calculations and counter incrementing? They do. In this example, I use a switch statement (which is inside of a while loop) to alternate the background color of a table row. It gives me a cool spool-printer-paper effect.

<?php
$rows_per_color
= 5// change bgcolor every 5 rows
switch($ctr++) {
   case
0:
      
$bgcolor = "#ffffff";
       break;
   case (
$rows_per_color):
      
$bgcolor = "#ff0000";
       break;               
   case (
$rows_per_color * 2):
      
$bgcolor = "#ffffff";
      
$ctr = 1;
       break;       
}
?>

As you can see, I increment $ctr by 1 in the switch() itself, and the final case() does a simple calculation. Simple, but powerful. [Remember, the above example is inside of a while() loop... each time it iterates, switch increments $ctr.]
phpmanual at nos-pam dot sadlittleboy dot com
10-Jan-2004 09:32
Regarding bishop's comment below, although using:
   switch($bug === 0 ? '' : $bug) {
may work, ( and although I do like the ternary operator, :) it might be more intuitive/readable to use this instead:
   switch( (string)$bug ) {
which typecasts the variable to a string to ensure that "0" will be handled correctly.
jon
09-Dec-2003 04:48
In response to the entry by "kriek at jonkriek dot com", I think you would probably be better of doing this:
<?php
  
// ensure $_GET['go'] is set, an integer, and not 0
   // then, set nav number; default to 1
  
$nav = ( isset($_GET['go']) && (intval($_GET['go']) == $_GET['go']) && $_GET['go'] ) ?
      
intval($_GET['go']) : 1;

  
// format navigation string and include
  
include(sprintf("Page%02d.php",$nav));   
?>

... as oppposed to the switch setup you recommended, which is limited to the number of cases you specify...
havar at henriksen dot nu
15-Sep-2003 04:54
Remember, that you also could use functions in a switch.
For example, if you need to use regular expressions in a switch:

<?php
$browserName
= 'mozilla';
switch (
$browserName) {
  case
'opera':
   echo
'opera';
  break;
  case (
preg_match("/Mozilla( Firebird)?|phoenix/i", $browserName)?$browserName:!$browserName):
   echo
"Mozilla or Mozilla Firebird";
  break;
  case
'konqueror':
   echo
'Konqueror';
  break;
  default:
   echo
'Default';
  break;
}
?>

or you could just use a regular expression for everything:

<?php
$uri
= 'http://www.example.com';
switch (
true) {
  case
preg_match("/$http(s)?/i", $uri, $matches):
   echo
$uri . ' is an http/https uri...';
  break;
  case
preg_match("/$ftp(s)?/i", $uri, $matches):
   echo
$uri . ' is an ftp/ftps uri...';
  break;
  default:
   echo
'default';
  break;
}
?>
(cgibbard) student math uwaterloo ca
10-Aug-2003 05:30
Just in reply to the comment about 2 digit numbers: something octal certainly is going on. Integer literals prefixed with a "0", like in C and several other languages, are treated as octal. Similarly, integer literals prefixed with "0x" are treated as hexadecimal. Seeing as this is the case, 08 and 09 are not valid integer literals. It turns out that php treats them as 0 (it would probably be better to fail with an error message, but it doesn't). Bottom line? Don't prefix numbers with 0 in code unless you mean octal. Format them as you print them with printf, like so: printf("%02u", $my_unsigned_int); or if you will, use sprintf to get a string representation rather than printing on stdout.
bishop
14-Jul-2003 03:26
As jason at devnetwork dot net and others have pointed out, using switch() when you wish to compare against strings can be dangerous:

<?php
$bug
= 0;
switch (
$bug) {
   case
'fly':
       echo
'flies buzz';
       break;

   case
'mantis':
       echo
'mantes pray';
       break;

   default:
       echo
'swat, splat, you are dead';
       break;
}
?>

Will print "flies buzz", NOT "swat, splat, you are dead".
Remember PHP says that 'fly' == 0, or in general string == 0 is true.

Anyway, avoid that with:

<?php
$bug
= 0;
switch (
$bug === 0 ? '' : $bug) {
   case
'fly':
       echo
'flies buzz';
       break;

   case
'mantis':
       echo
'mantes pray';
       break;

   default:
       echo
'swat, splat, you are dead';
       break;
}
?>

Prints out what you expect:

Swat
Splat
You are dead

P.S.: that's an empty string (single quote single quote), not a spurious double quote.
shawn at evilest dot net
04-May-2003 05:50
You can also nest switch statements inside case statements:

<?php
  
// Set argument handlers
  
$argv = explode(",", urldecode(getenv('QUERY_STRING')));
  
$argc = array_shift($argv);
  
$argd = array_shift($argv);
  
$arge = array_shift($argv);
?>

   // Begin switching

<?php
  
switch ($argc) {
       case
'home': {
             print(
'This is $argc, home case.');
           break;
       }
       case
'subsection': {
               switch (
$argd) {
                     case
'links': {
                           switch(
$arge) {
                               case
'display': {
                               print(
'This is $arge, subsection,links,display case.');
                               break;
                               }
                           }
                   }
               }
       }
   }
?>
i luv spam
26-Apr-2003 02:46
Noticed some odd switch behavior worth mentioning:

Switching on a variable set as $var="08" and forgetting the quotes within the case results in different behavior depending on the two digit number the variable is set to.

For "01" to "07", using a case like
  case 01:
the case is triggered.

For "08" or "09" the case is skipped.

For "10" to "12" the case is triggered.

Looks like something octal may be going on.

Anyway, not a problem once the case is changed to:
  case "08":
as it should have been from the start.  Just odd.
jason at devnetwork dot net
24-Mar-2003 06:51
It should be pointed out that this:

<?php

$var
= 0;

switch (
$var )
{
   case
"something":
      
$foo = "Broken";
       break;
   default:
      
$foo = "Okay";
       break;
}

echo
$foo;

?>

Will print out "Broken".  It's not broken, because in PHP, when an Integer and a String are compared, the string is == 0.  So 0 == "something".  However, this is not apparent.  switch() does not do type checking.
kriek at jonkriek dot com
05-Mar-2003 10:13
Nice, clean, template style navigation. In most cases it is fifteen percent faster to use switch/case/break instead of if/elseif/else. Of course this depends on your application and individual code results do very.

<?php
  
switch ($_GET['go']) {
       case
"1": $inc = 'Page01.php';
       break;
       case
"2": $inc = 'Page02.php';
       break;
       case
"3": $inc = 'Page03.php';
       break;
       case
"4": $inc = 'Page04.php';
       break;
       default:
$inc = 'Page01.php';
       break;
   }
   include (
$inc);
?>
jemore at m6net dotdot fr
14-Feb-2003 08:26
siwtch() made always a type conversion before comparing all the case value (PHP4.3.0), so the following statement
<?php
    
// $a = 'abc0' or 'abc1' or 'abc2', so this is a string
    
switch ($a)
     {
       case
'abc0' : $nb += 1; break;
       case
'abc1' : $nb += 2; break;
       case
'abc2' : $nb += 3; break;
     }
?>
is slower than the following statement
<?
    
if ($a === 'abc0') $nb += 1;
     elseif (
$a === 'abc1') $nb += 2;
     elseif (
$a === 'abc2') $nb += 3;
?>
because the '===' (3 equals signs) compare value without type conversion. Using a if/elseif/elseif structure instead of switch/case/case can be 2 times faster (I have made a test)
rmunn at pobox dot com
24-Jan-2003 03:21
In answer to njones at fredesign dot com, what you're seeing is the way the switch statement is supposed to work. The switch statement evaluates the cases, top to bottom, until it finds the first one that matches the value being switch()ed on. So, for example, if you had:

<?php
switch(2) {
case
1: echo "One\n"; break;
case
2: echo "Two\n"; break;
case
3: echo "Three\n"; break;
case
2: echo "Two again\n"; break;
}
?>

Only "Two" would get echoed. "Two again" would NOT get echoed, because once the first case matches, the rest of them do NOT get evaluated. As soon as a matching case is found, the statements starting at that case get executed until the first break, then control flows out the bottom of the switch block.
theonly dot mcseven at gmx dot net
19-Jan-2003 12:44
working a bit around with it I found out that it is not possible to
compare the variable with two different values in one step like this
(system running a w2k server, apache2.0.43 & php430):

<?php
switch ($myvar) {
 case (
"foo" || "bar"): //do something
 
break;
 case (
"other"): //do another thing
 
break;
 default:
}
?>

rather use:

<?php
switch ($myvar) {
 case (
"foo"):
 case (
"bar"): //do something
 
break;
 case (
"other"): //do another thing
 
break;
 default:
}
?>
turk162 at ALLSPAM_hotmail dot com
03-Dec-2002 08:55
On PHP V4.2.1, running on IIS5 as a CGI, I found an anomaly with how SWITCH handled strings.  I've heard that this problem doesn't exist on V4.2.3 on Apache.

This snippet took the wrong branch:

<?PHP
$wonum
= '20010E0';
SWITCH (
$wonum):
   CASE
'20010D0';
     ECHO
"<BR>Branching at D with wonum: " . $wonum;
     BREAK;
   CASE
'20010E0';
     ECHO
"<BR>Branching at E with wonum: " . $wonum;
     BREAK;
ENDSWITCH;
?>

Type casting with $wonum = (STRING) '20010E0'; didn't help.
Changing the order of the CASEs made no difference (it shouldn't, but...)

What did work was using MD5 to force a string comparison:

<?PHP
$wonum
= MD5('20010E0');
SWITCH (
$wonum):
   CASE
MD5('20010D0');
     ECHO
"<BR>Branching at D with wonum: " . $wonum;
     BREAK;
   CASE
MD5('20010E0');
     ECHO
"<BR>Branching at E with wonum: " . $wonum;
     BREAK;
ENDSWITCH;
?>

Moral: test test test
hexa at h3xa dot com
14-Nov-2002 11:55
this is a simple function that returns a random string and uses
switch to determine what kind of string you want.
function r( [string prefix][,int type,][,int chars] );

type = 1 -> only numbers
type = 2 -> only letters
type = 3 -> both

<?php
function r($prefixo = "",$tipo = 3,$numcaracteres = 10) {
   switch (
$tipo) {
       case
1:
           for (
$x = 1; $x <= $numcaracteres; $x++) {
              
$rnum .= chr(rand(48,57));
           }
           return
$prefixo . $rnum;
           break;
       case
2:
           for (
$x = 1; $x <= $numcaracteres; $x++) {
               if (
rand(1,2) == 1) { $rletras .= chr(rand(65,90)); }
               else {
$rletras .= chr(rand(97,122)); }
           }
           return
$prefixo . $rletras;
           break;
       case
3:
           for (
$x = 1; $x <= $numcaracteres; $x++) {
              
$r = rand(1,3);
               if (
$r == 1) { $rstring .= chr(rand(65,90)); }
               elseif (
$r == 2) { $rstring .= chr(rand(97,122)); }
               else {
$rstring .= chr(rand(48,57)); }
           }
           return
$prefixo . $rstring;
           break;
   }
}
?>
chernyshevsky at hotmail dot com
28-May-2002 06:45
Be very careful when you're using text strings as cases. If the variable supplied to switch() is an integer, the cases would be converted to integer before the comparison is made (usually to zero). The following snippet prints "hello".

<?php
$a
= 0;
switch(
$a) {
 case
'Hello': echo "Hello";
 break;
 }
?>
paz at spiralon dot com
16-May-2002 10:44
In case : ) it helps someone, I was able to clean up some hairball code by using nested switches (didn't see it mentioned here).  Thanks to all those who are writing examples - I love this site!

<?php
$string_match
="second";
switch (
$string_match) {
case
"first":
case
"second":
case
"third":
   print
"<H3>Something for all three</H3><br>";
   switch (
$string_match) {
     case
"first":
     print
"something for first only";
     break;
     case
"second":
     case
"third":
     print
"something for the other two";
     break;
   }
break;
default:
print
"<H3>no match</H3>";
}
?>
gray dot quinn at catch-e dot com dot au
22-Mar-2002 02:00
To get the conditional statement to work for the above example use this:

<?php
$chr
= substr($a,$i,1);
switch (
TRUE) {

case
$chr == "" || $chr == "" || $chr == "" || $chr == "":
$a = str_replace(substr($a,$i,1),"a",$a);
break;

case
$chr == "" || $chr == "" || $chr == "":
$a = str_replace(substr($a,$i,1),"e",$a);
break;
?>

}
PeterC at (spamme)rm-rfsplat dot com
07-Feb-2002 04:55
Along the lines of using expressions in switch statements.  I came across some code which wrapped switch statements in 'if' blocks like so...
if (isset($var) {
   switch($var) {
       ....
  

But I found the following a little cleaner.

switch ( isset($var) ? $var : defaultValue ) {
...
x@x
26-Jul-2001 05:29
often you will have to perform multiple actions in sequence, but this sequence must be broken once one of them detects a stop condition (such as an error, when validating form request variables).
One way is to use:

if (check1()
&& check2()
&& check3()
) valid();
else error();

But when the sequence is long and must reordered, this can be errorprone because not all line of check have the same syntax (imagine that you want to comment one of them).

Another way is to rewrite it as:

check1() and
check2() and
check3() and
...
valid() or
error();

The above syntax does not fit well when the valid() code must be several statements.
An alternative syntax can be:

switch (false) {
case check1():
case check2():
case check3():
error();
break;
default:
valid();
}

This last equivalent sample show you that each case expressions is evaluated, until one of them evaluates to a value equal (==) to the switch expression. Above, the error() code will only be called if one of the check evaluates to false. And the valid() code will only be evaluated only if the switch reach the default, which means that none of the above check returned false...
bensphpnetemail at supernaut dot org
30-Jun-2001 02:14
It's obvious, but might still bear explicit mention that you can conditionally execute the BREAK statement in order to allow a CASE to fall through to the next CASE. 

e.g.:-> Here, CASE 1 will fall through and the DEFAULT CASE statements will also be executed unless $somevar is true.

<?php
switch ($i) {
   case
0:
       print
"i equals 0";
       break;
   case
1:
       print
"i equals 1";
       if (
$somevar) {
             break;
             }
   default;
       echo
'Some Default Statements';
       break;
}
?>

Cheers,
Ben Nardone
rtreat2 at tampabay dot rr dot com
31-Mar-2001 07:34
just a further example of the above note, you can do the following type of searching:

<?php
switch (true){
   case (
ereg ("stats",$userfile_name) ):
       echo
"processing stats";
      
process_stats();
       break; 
   case (
ereg("prices",$userfile_name) ):
       echo
"processing prices";
      
process_prices();
       break; 
   default:
       echo =
"File not recognized!!.";
}
?>

this script could be used to determine data formats for uploaded files based on a nameing conve
ntion. just one example.
nospam at please dot com
15-Nov-2000 09:18
Just a trick I have picked up:

If you need to evaluate several variables to find the first one with an actual value, TRUE for instance. You can do it this was.

There is probably a better way but it has worked out well for me.

switch (true) {

  case (X != 1):

  case (Y != 1):

  default:
}